Having a population of 1.3 Mn spread across 28 districts of the state, Arunachal Pradesh has 938 females per thousand males. The state has seen an increase in workforce over the years, highlighting robust demographic trends. According to the 2011 Census, the state's literacy rate is 65.39%. 

According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey for 2022–23, the worker population ratio for 15–59 years of age is 66.4%. The labour force participation rate for the same age group is also as high as 70%, compared to the national average of 61.6%.

The state's healthcare facilities have seen progressive growth in infrastructure and services. The state government has made large investments in several projects relating to sustainable healthcare services for all people in the state.

As of February 2023, Arunachal Pradesh has 346 health and wellness centers providing medical care to its population. The 500-bed TRIHMS Hospital and Medical College offer treatment for various illnesses, while the Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences provides free chemotherapy. To enhance advanced renal care, the government has established the Renal Care Fund. Additionally, the number of MBBS seats at TRIHMS has doubled from 50 to 100, and efforts are underway to upgrade its Cardiology Department. The state also plans to set up a Medical College in Namsai district through a public-private partnership (PPP) model.

To address mental health challenges, the state has enhanced the Mental Hospital at Midpu in Papumpare district under the TELEMANAS program, incorporating teleconsultation services from NIMHANS Bengaluru and launching the district mental health program in 16 districts. Additionally, plans are underway to upgrade the State Mental Hospital at Midpu into a 100-bed Arunachal Pradesh Psychological Health and Neuroscience Institute, focusing on mental and holistic well-being with improved infrastructure, human resources, and equipment. To enhance cancer treatment and manage rising cases, the Government of Arunachal Pradesh is establishing a Cancer Hospital at Midpu this year with an investment of Rs. 217 crore. Furthermore, it aims to set up Cancer Day Care Centres in all District Hospitals within the next three years.

Arunachal Pradesh is one of the best-resourced states, with a health human resource gap of 33% to 6%. According to the NFHS-5, the infant mortality rate has dramatically decreased by 10 points from 22.9 in 2015-16 to 12.9 in 2020-21. This was the country's highest IMR drop during the period. In the same period, the state's neonatal mortality rate (NNMR) fell from 11.8 to 7.7. Institutional deliveries have risen significantly from 52.2% to 79.2%.

The education sector remains a top priority for the state, with the launch of Mission Shikshit Arunachal 2029, a transformative initiative aimed at revolutionizing the education system. This mission focuses on improving infrastructure, eliminating single-teacher schools and low-enrolment institutions, and equipping schools with essential amenities. Key priorities include Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN), ensuring that students acquire fundamental skills crucial for future learning across all subjects.

Several initiatives are being implemented to boost enrollment, attendance, and learning outcomes, including Bagless Saturday Activity Day, a 100-day Reading Campaign, and the Aao School Chale program. Additionally, a Vidya Samiksha Kendra has been set up as a centralized data repository, leveraging GIS and Artificial Intelligence for real-time tracking of student and teacher performance, aiding data-driven decision-making.

Technology integration is a key focus, with the development of I-SAMS, a digital platform designed to streamline school infrastructure and resource management. The state is also encouraging universities to expand their academic offerings in line with the National Universities Framework, providing students with a wider range of disciplines based on their interests and aptitudes.

To provide world-class learning infrastructure and pedagogy, the government is developing 50 model schools. Efforts are also underway to digitally equip schools with virtual labs, e-content in regional languages, and science equipment for higher secondary schools. As per the AICTE Dashboard, the state has 8 approved institutions offering degree courses in technical fields like architecture, engineering, and management.

In recent years, Arunachal Pradesh made significant digital advancements. For sustainable and technological development, research in the Integrated Technological Farming System in hilly areas of Arunachal Pradesh has also been carried out.

The state has created the Arunachal Pradesh State Drone Framework (APSDF) and Action Plan 2022 to enhance the use of drone technology in various critical fields. Satellite-based monitoring and geo-tagging for monitoring of developmental projects are used in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.

To capture real-time climatic data, the Centre for Earth Sciences & Himalayan Studies, an autonomous institution under the Department of Science & Technology, Itanagar, and the Regional Meteorological Centre, Guwahati, IMD, MoES, India, installed 85 automatic weather stations/rain gauges across the state.

The Centre has also completed the installation of two permanent seismic observatories at Bomdila and Daporijo. The Center is also collaborating with the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute to harness geothermal energy in the state.

The state is also launching a new initiative to introduce Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning skilling programs, equipping youth with valuable expertise in these rapidly growing fields. Arunachal Pradesh has become the first state to construct classrooms using innovative 3D printing technology. Building on this achievement, two more schools will be constructed using 3D printing technology this year, marking a significant step toward enhancing the quality of education for school children.

The state has made substantial investments to extend infrastructure to the last mile, improving the quality of life for individuals and businesses alike. It boasts a well-connected network linking it to other Indian states, with a total road length of 50,555 km.

Over the past decade, the Government of Arunachal Pradesh has constructed more than 1,707 km of National Highways, 13,000+ km of rural roads, and over 220 bridges. To strengthen defense preparedness and drive socio-economic development in border regions, the Border Roads Organisation has built the Sela Tunnel at an altitude of 13,000 feet, enhancing connectivity between Tezpur, Assam, and Tawang in the West Kameng district.

The state has significantly advanced its air, road, rail, and digital connectivity. Naharlagun Railway Station offers regular train services to Guwahati and limited services to Delhi. Arunachal Pradesh has four operational domestic airports (Donyi Polo, Tezu, Pasighat and Ziro) connecting it to the rest of India. Additionally, the state has three railway stations—Naharlagun, Gumto, and Bhalukpong—and has expanded 4G network coverage in uncovered villages.

Arunachal Pradesh offers great opportunities in the renewability and sustainability sectors. It has 8 major river basins to harness its hydroelectric potential. The state has 40% of India’s total hydropower potential, with over 58,160 MW of hydropotential and 9% of India’s small hydropower potential. 

Arunachal's government is also working towards sustainable propositions. To promote nature-based tourism while conserving the natural flora and fauna in the region, eco-tourism, organic farming, and integrated farming have also been promoted in the state. 

Promoting low-carbon transport systems, the state government has been developing an ecosystem for the adoption of electric vehicles.