The population of Jharkhand is 32,988,134. The sex ratio of the state is 899/1000, and the population density is 414 persons per sq. km.

Males make up 27.1% of the workforce in agriculture, which is lower than India's percentage, while females make up 70.1%, which is higher than India's percentage of 59.9%. The percentage of workers engaged in industries for males is 38.9%, which is above the percentage of India, and that for females is 17.6%, which is above the percentage of India, which stands at 16.5%. The percentage of workers engaged in services for males is 34%, which is above the percentage of India, and that for females is 12.3%, which is below the percentage of India, which stands at 23.6%."

As per the Rural Health Statistics, the number of sub-centres (rural) was 3,848; the number of primary health centres (rural) was 291; the number of primary health centres (urban) was 70; the number of community health centres (rural) was 171; the number of community health centres (urban) was 7; the number of district hospitals was 21; and the number of health and wellness centres was 4,421. The state also has 8 postgraduate medical colleges, including AIIMS Deoghar.

The birth rate in the state, according to the Ministry of Home Affairs, is 22 per 1000 people, and the death rate is 5 per 1000 people. The life expectancy is 70.5 years for males, and for females is 68.9 years.

The infant mortality rate is 25 per 1,000 live births; the sex ratio at birth was 899 females per thousand males, which was below the national average of 929, and the maternal mortality ratio was 56 per 100,000 live births, which is below the national average of 97.

The state's education expenditure as a percent of GSDP for the year 2022-23 according to the RBI is 14.6%. The literacy rate according to the 2011 Census is 66.4%, out of which the the male literacy rate is 76.8% and that of females is 55.4%. According to the Unified District Information System for Education, for 2021-22, the total number of schools was 44,855, out of which 37,015 were Govt schools and 1,559 were private. 

The number of universities, according to the All India Survey of Higher Education 2021-22, was 33, and the number of colleges was 366. Out of the 366 colleges, 159 were government and 177 were private colleges.

As per the Economic Survey 2022-23, the gross enrollment ratio of Jharkhand for elementary schools is 97%, for secondary schools is 68.4%, for senior secondary schools is 46.4%, and for higher education is 17%. According to the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, there are 347 Industrial Training Institutes in Jharkhand.

The state currently has operational software technology parks in Ranchi and Deoghar, and it also has three approved software technology centres in Dhanbad, Jamshedpur, and Bokaro. 

The Government of Jharkhand plans to construct a mega IT park on 100 acres of land in a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) mode, along with a 500,000 sq. ft. signature tower within the mega IT hub to support IT/ITeS MSME. Jharkhand intends to create three ESDM Innovation Hubs at Ranchi, Jamshedpur, and Dhanbad with land for multi-product electronics, IT, ITeS, BPO, and ESDM industries. Apart from the Electronic Manufacturing Cluster at Adityapur, the Jharkhand government is establishing two more EMCs at Ranchi and Dhanbad.

Jharkhand has enormous potential for industrialisation. With its large deposits of minerals, it provides a solid launching pad for all kinds of industries. With 40% of the nation's mineral reserves, the state government is committed to rapid development due to its location advantage.

There are 26 mega industries, 106 large and medium industries, and 18,109 micro and small industries in the state with an approximate investment of INR 28,424.06 Cr and ~63,000 people are employed in these industries. Steel production in the state has increased from 8 Mn Tonnes to over 12 Mn Tonnes per annum. Jharkhand is presently producing about 20–25% of the total steel production in the country.  With the proposed expansion of a number of integrated steel plants, the state will be producing over 25 MT of steel. Even various types of auto-grade steels, which were earlier being imported, are now being produced within the state. Similarly, the production of alumina in the state has increased from about 80,000 metric Tonnes to over 200,000 metric Tonnes. Significant enhancement has also been achieved in cement and clinker production.

The total length of roads in Jharkhand is 12,736 km. As of December 2023, the road density has surged by 8.60 km per 1000 sq. km. This underscores the considerable potential for enhancement in the construction process and the network of roads to foster improved connectivity with neighbouring states and remote areas within Jharkhand.

Jharkhand has a total installed renewable energy capacity of 420.24 MW, comprising 4.05 MW of small hydropower, 19.10 MW of biopower, 187.09 MW of solar power, and 210 MW of large hydropower. Jharkhand enjoys a bountiful supply of solar radiation. Across most parts of the state, the average solar radiation ranges between 4.5 kWh/m2 and 5.5 kWh/m2, creating an optimal environment for the deployment of solar pumps for irrigation purposes in remote areas.

According to the Energy Statistics 2023, the state has a potential for renewable power of 18508 MW. This includes small hydropower with a potential of 228 MW, biomass power with a potential of 90 MW, waste-to-energy with a potential of 10 MW, and solar energy with a potential of 18,180 MW.

The state is also adopting EVs; as per the data released by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, the total number of EVs in Jharkhand is 36,759.