According to the 2011 census, the total population of Chhattisgarh was 25 Mn, with a 23% urbanization rate.

The state had a population density of 189, and the sex ratio was 991/1000. In 2022–23, the state's worker-population ratio was 70.1%, and the literacy rate was 70.3%.

Chhattisgarh has 5,124 sub-health centres (rural), 770 primary health centres (rural), 52 primary health centres (urban), 167 community health centres (rural), 3 community health centres (urban), 27 district hospitals, and 6,525 health and wellness centres. Additionally, the state has 13 medical colleges, 6 dental colleges, and over 125 nursing colleges, along with several physiotherapy colleges.

The state's birth rate is 22 per 1000 people, and the life expectancy is 63.5 years. The infant mortality rate is 38 per 1000 live births, and the sex ratio is 960 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average. The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is 137 per 1,00,000 live births.

The literacy rate of the state of Chhattisgarh is 70.28%. Currently, the state has 41.8 Lakh children enrolled in elementary education, 8.4 Lakh in secondary education, and 7.5 Lakh in higher secondary education.

According to the Unified District Information System for Education 2021-22, the state had 32,723 primary schools, 16,442 upper primary schools, 49,160 government schools, 7,063 private schools, 32 universities, and 917 colleges.

Key industrial infrastructure in Chhattisgarh includes eight notified industrial areas, four large industrial areas and seven industrial parks besides other upcoming industrial infrastructure projects in the State. Two Special Economic Zones are being developed in Chhattisgarh, Solar SEZ in Rajnandgaon, and IT/ ITeS SEZ in Naya Raipur.

A few upcoming and proposed Industrial Infrastructure projects are:

1. Electronic Manufacturing Cluster, spread over 28.32 Ha, an Electronics Manufacturing Cluster is being established in Sector 22 of Naya Raipur
2. Mega Food Park located in Dhamtari, a mega Food Park is being developed over 68.68 Ha
3. Plastics Park CSIDC along with the Government of India (as per the Plastics Park Scheme) plans to develop a Plastics Park in Rajnandgaon district (near Raipur) to promote the plastics industry in the State
4. Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Udyog Avam Vyapar Parisar, Chhattisgarh Trade Centre, Sector 23, Naya Raipur
5. MSME Technology Center, Bhilai A Technology Centre at Bhilai with an outlay of $17 Mn under the World Bank-funded TCSP project of the Ministry of MSME, Government of India

According to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Chhattisgarh has a 1,10,000 km long road network, consisting of national highways (3,620 km), state highways (4,369 km), rural roads (56,575 km), etc. In 2018-19, the road density was 0.8 km per square kilometer. According to the Ministry of Railways, the state has over 130 train stations with a total route length of 3,005 km.

The state has access to major ports like Mumbai, Kolkata, Paradip, and Vizag. There is one international airport in Raipur, three domestic airports in Bilaspur, Jagdalpur, and Raigarh, and an upcoming airport in Ambikapur.

The state has an installed power capacity of 16,000+ MW, the electricity tariff in Chhattisgarh is lower than the national average. The state has one stop integrated facilities available at the Electronics Manufacturing Cluster to the prospective electronics manufacturing industries. Additionally, a food park exists in the Dhamtari district, and Chhattisgarh plans to establish additional parks for plastic, textile, and other industries.

Chhattisgarh has a total renewable energy capacity of 1543.24 MW, comprising of 76.00 MW of Small Hydro Power, 275.00 MW of biopower, 1072.24 MW of Solar Power, and 120.00 MW of Large Hydro Power. The state has a total power generation capacity from various sources of 2061.56 Mus, which includes, 622.30 MU from Solar, 1038.31 MU from Biomass, 8.85 MU from Bagasse, 134.17 MU from Small Hydro, and 257.93 MU from Large Hydro (excluding imports from Bhutan). As per the data released by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Chhattisgarh has 54,848 electric vehicles.

The state is fast becoming a hub for solar energy. The solar power plants at Rajnandgaon and Bhilai have been dedicated to the state and have the potential to supply electricity to nearby regions even during the night. The recently inaugurated India's largest solar-battery project in Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh has an installed capacity of 152.325 MWh.