Diplomatic ties between India and Japan were established in 1952 with the signing of the Peace Treaty post World War II.

The two countries have several institutional dialogue mechanisms, including a 2+2 Dialogue at the Foreign and Defence Secretaries level, which are held regularly, at senior official and functional levels to exchange views on bilateral issues as well as regional and international cooperation. 

In 2016, Japan announced its Country Assistance Policy providing Official Development Assistance (ODA) to build India’s critical infrastructure, and to address social and environmental issues caused by rapid growth. 

In a special gesture, India announced “visa on arrival” scheme for all Japanese travellers, including for business purposes, from March 1, 2016.

A Comprehensive Economic Partnership was concluded between India and Japan in 2011.

Japan is the 3^rd largest investor in the Indian economy with cumulative FDI inflows of $ 30.27 bn during  2000 - 19, contributing 7.2% to India’s total FDI inflows during the same period.

The imports to India from Japan stood at $ 12.77 bn in 2018-19, making it India’s 14^th largest import partner. India’s exports to Japan stood at $ 4.86 bn in 2018-19, making it India’s 19^th largest export partner.

India's imports showed a growth of 102.7% in a span of 12 years, reaching $12.77 bn in 2018-19 from $6.3 bn in 2007-08. Key imports from Japan include Nuclear reactors, electrical machinery, iron and steel, organic chemicals.

India’s exports showed a growth of 26.2% in a span of 12 years, reaching $4.86 bn in 2018-19 from $3.85 bn in 2007-08. Key exports to Japan include mineral fuels and mineral oils, organic chemicals and natural or cultured pearls

Based on the annual survey, the number of Japanese companies in India is at 1,441 as of October 2018. This marks an increase of 72 companies or 5% compared to the previous year.

India and Japan have had strong cultural ties for centuries due to the spread of Buddhism through East Asia; Japanese Buddhism continues to play a major role in Japanese society resulting in a strong shared identity between Indian and Japanese people.

Initial cultural relations between India and Japan post World War II were initiated in 1949 by the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who donated an Indian elephant to the Ueno Zoo in Tokyo.

The 1952 Peace Treaty between India and Japan was followed by a Cultural Agreement signed in 1956 between the two countries.

The Cultural Agreement established a system of cultural exchange between Japan and India through scientific, artistic, and educational endeavours; the agreement also created two Indian-Japanese Mixed Commissions, which govern overall cultural exchange policy.

More recent examples of cultural exchange between both countries include the creation of The Vivekananda Cultural Centre in Tokyo in September 2009 and the series of events organized by the Embassy and Consulate General, centered around the 3^rd International Day of Yoga in June 2017.